What lifestyle change is most effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk?

Cessation of smoking is the most effective lifestyle change for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is a significant risk factor for numerous cardiovascular issues, including heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. When an individual stops smoking, immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits follow. Over time, the heart and blood vessels begin to heal, reducing the risk of heart attacks and improving overall heart health.

In comparison, increasing physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but it is often more effective when combined with other lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation. Weight gain and higher dietary salt intake have well-established negative impacts on cardiovascular health, contributing to conditions like hypertension and obesity, both of which elevate the risk of heart disease. Therefore, while various lifestyle changes can help improve cardiovascular health, smoking cessation stands out as the most critical intervention in lowering the risk significantly.