How is heart failure classified based on the left ventricular ejection fraction?

Heart failure classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is primarily divided into two categories: systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure. Systolic heart failure, also known as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), occurs when the left ventricle cannot contract effectively and eject sufficient blood, leading to a reduced ejection fraction (typically less than 40%). In contrast, diastolic heart failure, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), occurs when the left ventricle loses its ability to relax and fill properly, despite the ejection fraction being within normal limits (typically greater than 50%).

Understanding this classification is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, as the management strategies and underlying pathophysiology differ between the two types. Recognizing the distinction aids healthcare providers in tailoring interventions and optimizing patient outcomes.

The other options, while relevant in different contexts of heart failure, do not specifically pertain to the classification based on ejection fraction. Chronic vs. acute heart failure focuses on the duration and onset of heart failure symptoms, ischemic vs. non-ischemic heart failure relates to the underlying causes, and left-sided vs. right-sided heart failure distinguishes the affected